Objective: To compare the mental well-being of French women who were and were not pregnant during the first COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. Design: Survey. Setting: France. Population: Women between 18 and 45 years of age during the second and third weeks of global lockdown (March 25–April 07, 2020) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Nationwide online quantitative survey. Main Outcome Measures: Mental well-being measured by the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (WEMWBS). Results: This study analysed 275 responses from pregnant women and compared them with those from a propensity score–matched sample of 825 non-pregnant women. The median WEMWBS score was 49.0 and did not differ by pregnancy status. Women living in urban areas reported better well-being, while those with sleep disorders or who spent more than an hour a day watching the news reported poorer well-being. Conclusion: During the first lockdown in France, women had relatively low mental well-being scores, with no significant difference between pregnant and non-pregnant women. More than ever, health-care workers need to find a way to maintain their support for women’s well-being. Minor daily annoyances of pregnancy, such as insomnia, should not be trivialised because they are a potential sign of poor well-being.

Aim: Along with Assam, India’s mass vaccination drive is witnessing a low turnout situation. This study aims to identify limiting factors to the vaccination effort, attitude towards COVID-19, and attitude towards the vaccine. During the survey, doubts of the participants on COVID-19 vaccine were also addressed. Subject and Methods: It was a cross-sectional web and physical interview based survey using validated questionnaire developed in the google form to assess 695 voluntary participants of Assam, India. Results: 52.09% of the participants were acceptable to COVID-19 vaccine, and 21.30% participants were vaccinated. About 41.87% of the respondents were hesitating to get vaccinated, and 10.64% of the participants refused. Education shows inverse relation to vaccine hesitancy. Interestingly, housewives were found to be hesitating the most (OR = 5.113, 95CI% = 1.347-19.399, p = 0.016). Retired person (OR = 4.061, 95CI% = 1.464 – 11.262, p = 0.007) and 60 plus age group (OR = 0.373, 95CI% = 0.153 – 0.911, p = 0.031) show a refusal to the vaccine. 99.7% of the participants have taken at least one preventive measures depicts there is a positive attitude towards COVID-19. Digital knowledge is one of the important aspects associated with participants getting vaccinated (p > 0.05). Conclusion: There are concerns about COVID-19 vaccine safety and its efficacy. Government-sponsored awareness programme or non-governmental organization (NGO) can launch awareness programmes to shed light on critical areas to eliminate vaccine-related doubts. Key sources of information can be used to channel authentic information to narrow down the anti-vaccine folks.

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, is a global pandemic which is primarily considered a respiratory illness. However, emerging reports show that the virus exhibits both pulmonary and extra-pulmonary manifestations in humans, with the kidney as a major extra-pulmonary target due to its abundant expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and transmembrane protease serine 2, which facilitate entry of the virus into cells. Acute kidney injury has become prevalent in COVID-19 patients without prior any history of kidney dysfunction. In addition, the virus also worsens kidney conditions and increases mortality of COVID-19 patients with pre-existing chronic kidney disease, renal cancer, diabetic nephropathy, end-stage kidney disease as well as dialysis and kidney transplant patients. In the search for antiviral agents for the treatment of COVID-19, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), the third established member of gasotransmitter family, is emerging as a potential candidate, possessing important therapeutic properties including antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic and antioxidant properties. A recent clinical study revealed higher serum H2S levels in survivors of COVID-19 pneumonia with reduced interleukin-6 levels compared to fatal cases. In this review, we summarize the global impact of COVID-19 on kidney conditions and discuss the emerging role of H2S as a potential COVID-19 therapy.

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In recent years, mRNA-vaccine technology has seen significant advances in the prophylaxis against many diseases. Today, after the emergence of COVID-19 and the use of mRNA vaccines as prophylactic vaccines to prevent the spread of the disease and control the pandemic, data collected over the last 2 years has shown that the mRNA vaccine will become a leading technology as it is potent, inexpensive, rapidly developed and safe. This review will present an overview of mRNA vaccines and give an update related to their safety and efficacy against COVID-19.

In this paper, a mathematical model is proposed and analysed to assess the impacts of health care providers’ population on the transmission dynamics of COVID-19. The stability theory of differential equations is used to examine a mathematical model. The results of both local and global stability of disease-free equilibrium points were determined by using Routh-Hurwitz criteria and Metzler’s matrix method respectively, which verified that it was asymptotically stable. Also, the endemic equilibrium point was determined by the Lyapunov function which showed that E ∗ was globally asymptotically stable under strict conditions. The findings revealed that non-diagnosed and undetected health care providers seem to contribute to the high spread of COVID-19 in a population. Also, it illustrates that an increase in the number of non-diagnostic testing rates of health care providers may result in high infection rates in the community. Therefore, the particular study recommend that there is a necessity of applying early diagnostic testing to curtail the COVID-19 transmission in the health care providers’ population.

Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has infected millions of people with high lethality in the world, but little is known whether severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has impacts on triggering pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We present a case of a child with atypical clinical manifestation who developed B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia following a mild symptomatic COVID-19 infection. This case underlines the risks of potential oncogenic effects with the history of this viral infection and a state of immunosuppression.

Background:T wave positivity in the lead aVR is a marker of ventricular repolarization abnormality and provides information on short and long-term cardiovascular mortality in patients who have heart failure, anterior myocardial infarction, and receive hemodialysis for various reasons. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between T wave positivity in the lead aVR on superficial ECG and mortality from COVID-19 pneumonia. Methods: This study retrospectively included 130 patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19 and treated as an outpatient or in the thoracic diseases ward in a single center between January 2021 and June 2021. All patients included in the study had clinical and radiological features and signs of COVID-19 pneumonia. The COVID-19 diagnosis of all patients was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) studied from an oropharyngeal swab Results: A total of 130 patients were included in this study. Patients were divided into 2 groups: survived and deceased. There were 55 patients (with a mean age of 64.76-14.93 years, 58.18% male, 41.12% female) in the survived group, while there were 75 patients (with a mean age of 65-15 years, 58.67% male, 41.33% female) in the deceased group. The univariate and multivariate regression analyses showed that positive TAVR (OR: 5.151, 95% CI: 1.001-26.504, p: 0.0012), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (OR: 1.006, 95% CI: 1.001-1.010, p: 0.012) and D-dimer (OR:1.436, 95% CI: 1.115-1.848, p: 0.005) were independent risk factors for mortality Conclusions: positive TAaVR is useful in risk stratification for COVID-19 pneumonia mortality. KEY WORLD:Electrocardıographıa, positive TAaVR, COVID-19 pneumonia, mortality

Electronic repeat dispensing (eRD) has been part of the community pharmacy contact since 2005 and a requirement in the General Medical Services contract since 2019. eRD allows the prescribing of medicines for stable long-term conditions for a defined period without authorisation, consultation, by prescribing healthcare professionals each time. NHS England highlights benefits of eRD as increased efficiency in general practice of 2.7 million hours annually if 80% of all repeat prescriptions are issued as eRD. Despite clear benefits to patients, community pharmacies and general practices, the uptake of eRD remains low and variable across general practices in West Yorkshire. The current COVID-19 pandemic has placed huge strains on repeat prescribing systems in general practice. The aim of the project was to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on eRD in general practice and understand the key enablers to its uptake. In conclusion, two main enabling factors identified within this study that may lead to improved implementation and uptake of eRD. These are integrating eRD into normal routine workflows where prescribing authorisation is concerned and nominating an internal eRD champion. Utilising eRD in the respective practices should be considered due to potential efficiency gains and the increase in average eRD utilisation observed in the study participating general practices across West Yorkshire was from 7.2% average uptake in March 2020 to 10.4% November 2020. The stated benefits of eRD by NHS England of 2.7 million hours per annum predates the roll of electronic transmission of prescriptions suggesting further research is needed.

Abstract Humans infected with COVID-19 are at risk of developing life-threatening conditions. We here present a case of rapid appearance of oral lesion of herpes zoster associated with COVID-19 infection. Our case highlights the importance of oral examination as well as oral care in patients with COVID-19.

In June 2021, Udom et al. published their article in  Transboundary and Emerging Diseases performing a serological survey revealed evidence of anti-N-IgG antibodies suggesting SARS-CoV-2 exposure in both dogs and cats during the first and second coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreaks in Thailand. Seroprevalence studies have proven an important tool to monitor the progression of the COVID-19 pandemic. The duration of immunity of SARS-CoV-2 is crucial for the course of the pandemic and for this reason the monitoring of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 is important. The serum samples from different periods and regions were valuable in terms of scientific significance for serological survey of SARS-CoV-2 and emerging infectious diseases. In order to preserve the remaining serum samples and ensure the stability of anti-virus antibodies in storage serum samples, we strongly suggest that standard serum banks should be established worldwide.

Population-based sero-epidemiological studies are widely used to estimate the proportion of a population infected (infection attack rate, IAR) with SARS-CoV-2. However, the accuracy of the estimates relies on the design of the study (e.g. sample size) and the sensitivity (e.g. decay of sensitivity) of the assay used. This study aims to resolve these issues with the seroprevalence of COVID-19 and infection attack rates in 12 Indian cities as examples. We examine serological data that used Abbott to reconstruct a sensitivity decay function and use it to infer attack rates and seroprevalence based on reported COVID-19 death in these cities. We find that the reconstructed seroprevalence matched with the reported scenario reasonably well in most cities, where Abbott or similar assay was likely used, but failed in two cities, where non-Abbott assay was likely used. We propose an approach to connect the serological data and the reported COVID-19 deaths with the testing sensitive decay function to increase the confidence in estimating the size of the epidemic.

In this study, we have desired to show a case of coronary thrombus at the age of 32, without a previous medical history and without a risk factor, which we believe may develop due to Sinovac inactive Covid-19 vaccine or as a late complication of Covid-19.

Background. To estimate effect of COVID-19 control measures taken to mitigate community transmission in many regions, we analyzed data based on influenza surveillance system in Beijing from week 27th, 2014 to week 26th, 2020. Methods. We collected weekly number of influenza-like illness (ILI), weekly positive proportion of ILI and weekly ILI proportion in outpatients and the date of COVID-19 measures. We compared influenza activity indicators of influenza season 2019/2020 with preceding five seasons and built two ARIMAX models to estimate the effective of COVID-19 measures. Results. Compared with preceding five influenza seasons, ILIs, positive proportion of ILI, and duration of influenza epidemic period decreased from 13% to 54%, especially, the number of weeks from the peak to the end of influenza epidemic period, decreased from 12 to one. After natural decline considered, weekly ILIs decreased by 48.6% and weekly positive proportion dropped 15% in the second week after emergency response declared, and finally COVID-19 measures reduced 83%. Conclusions. We conclude public health emergency response can interrupt the transmission of influenza and other respiratory infectious diseases markedly. Keyword. COVID-19 control measures; influenza; ARIMAX

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic and the accompanying new generation vaccines have entered our lives with many unknown effects. Method and result: This is a case report of myopericarditis diagnosed with fever and chest pain 3 days after the 2nd dose of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine in an 18-year-old man. The diagnosis was confirmed by cardiac MRI(CMR), but we presented that this diagnosis and follow-up could be made accurately with strain echocardiography(SE). Conclusion: It would be beneficial for the cardiologists who perform the primary follow-up of these patients to know that it is possible with SE to support the diagnosis and follow-up of these patients, even if CMR is not accesible.

Background: We just right were carrying out a multicenter cohort study about ICH when COVID-19 broke out in Wuhan，and we wondered whether COVID-19 pandemic was associated with the manifestations and outcomes of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Methods: Acute ICH patients before (1/12/2018-30/11/2019) and during COVID-19(1/12/2019-30/11/2020) pandemic at 31 centers in China, were entered into the analysis. Demographic information, clinical manifestations and outcomes were collected and compared between the two groups. Results: From December 1, 2018 to November 30, 2020, a total of 3460 patients with ICH were enrolled and eventually analyzed. Results showed that patients with ICH were more likely to be older, have higher systolic blood pressure (BP) (P<0.001), diastolic-BP (P=0.002), higher admission NIHSS score (P=0.039) and higher fasting blood glucose (P=0.003) during COVID-19 pandemic compared with before. After adjusting age, gender, COVID-19 pandemic was associated with 3-month poor outcome (OR adjusted = 1.206, 95%CI: 1.043-1.395) and 3-month mortality (OR adjusted = 1.711, 95%CI: 1.428-2.050) after ICH onset. Conclusions: COVID-19 pandemic deteriorated the manifestations and outcomes of ICH.

Rationale, aims and objectives: The coronavirus infection 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected the emergency department (ED) management. Its viral transmission necessitates the use of isolation rooms and personal protective equipment for treating suspected patients, such as those with fever. This delays the time until the first encounter with the patients, thereby increasing the length of stay (LOS) in the ED. We aimed to compare delays in the ED LOS and clinical processes between the COVID-19 period and pre-COVID-19 period. Moreover, we intended to evaluate if the aforementioned delay affected patient outcomes. Methods: We conducted a single-center, retrospective study in Korea. Patients with fever were compared between the “COVID-19 period” from March 2020 to August 2020 and the “pre-COVID-19 period” from March 2019 to September 2019. We compared the overall ED LOS and individual time variable, including initial diagnostic tests (laboratory tests, radiography), specific diagnostic test (computed tomography), and treatment processes (antibiotics). A logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the association between hospital admission and patient data. Results: We enrolled 931 and 749 patients during pre- and COVID-19 periods, respectively. Patients with fever remained in the ED for a longer duration during the COVID-19 period (pre-COVID-19:207.7±102.7 min vs. during COVID-19: 223.5±119.4 min, p=0.004). The total time for performing laboratory tests and radiography displayed significant differences between the two periods, particularly from the time of patient arrival in the ED to the time of issuing the order. The time until antibiotic administration was delayed in the COVID-19 period (pre-COVID-19:195.8±103.3 min vs. during COVID-19: 216.9±108.4 min, p=0.003). The logistic regression analysis for hospital admission identified ED LOS as an independent factor in both periods. Conclusion: The delay until encountering patients with fever resulted in longer ED LOS during the COVID-19 period; however, it possibly did not increase the hospital admission rates.

Background: Since December 2019, 2019 novel corona virus (2019-nCov) disease (COVID-19) has extended to most parts of China with more than 80 thousand cases. From Feb 1 st to Mar 31 st of 2020, all children were asked to stay indoors in China. Then how it affected allergic asthma (AA) sensitized to house dust mites (HDM) in children was interestingly to clarify. Objective: To investigate the changes of clinical characteristics of children with AA sensitized to HDM during COVID-19 pandemic. Method: The data including asthma symptom scores(SS), visual analog scores (VAS), asthma quality of life questionnaire (AQLQ) and medicine scores (MS) as well as respiratory infections, cares, staying up late and diets, collected from children with AA sensitized to HDM from Feb 1 st to Mar 31 st of 2019 and 2020 retrospectively, were analyzed. Results: There were 85 children with AA sensitized to HDM included in this research. Compared with SS, VAS, AQLQ and MS of the patients from Feb 1 st to Mar 31 st of 2019, SS, VAS, AQLQ and MS of the patients improved significantly (p<0.05) during COVID-19 pandemic. No respiratory infections occurred among them and they got better cares, had better diets and stayed up late less during COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: During COVID-19 pandemic, children with AA sensitized to HDM got better health for staying indoors, which might be associated with no respiratory infections, better cares, better diets and less staying up late.

The novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV2 has affected over 28 million people in the United States as of February 2021.1 Limited literature describe the effects of SARS-CoV2 infection on pediatric patients who have received hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in post-transplant patients. Although the pathophysiology of GVHD is well-described; identification of risk factors and successful treatment of severe, refractory GVHD is still wanting. We present two pediatric cases of acute GVHD exacerbation after SARS-CoV2 infection to recognize a potential risk factor for development of GVHD in pediatric HSCT recipients.

Background: The hyperinflammatory state of Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) predisposes to thromboembolic complications. We report a neonate with multiple cavitary lesions in lung, which we suspect could be a manifestation of MIS following maternal COVID-19 infection during pregnancy. Case report: 8 day old neonate was referred with fever and fast breathing. Mother was positive for COVID-19 in 29th week. COVID-19 RT-PCR was negative, however, antibodies were positive. He had increased leucocyte count, and elevated levels of C-Reactive protein(CRP), Procalcitonin, Ferritin, Lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), and D-dimer along with bilateral reticulonodular opacities on chest radiograph and multiple nodules with evidence of cavitation in both lungs on Chest Tomography. All cultures were negative. A possible diagnosis of MIS was made. Infant was treated with Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) which he responded to with resolution of symptoms. Conclusion: Neonates exposed to COVID-19 should be evaluated for thromboembolic complications and IVIG can be one of the treatment modalities.

In this study, we describe SARS-CoV-2 infection dynamics in one cat (case 1-Chester) and three dogs (case 2-Trasto, case 3-Bella and case 4-Bull) from households with confirmed human cases of COVID-19 living in the Madrid Community (Spain) at the time of expansion (December 2020 through June 2021) of the alpha variant of SARS-CoV-2 (lineage B.1.1.7). A thorough physical exam and nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal, and rectal swabs were collected for real-time reverse-transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) SARS-CoV-2 testing on day 0 and in successive samplings on days 7, 14, 21 and 47 during monitoring. Blood was also drawn to determine complete blood counts, biochemical profiles, and serology of the detect the IgG response against SARS-CoV-2. On day 0, the cat case 1 presented with dyspnoea and fever associated with a mild bronchoalveolar pattern. The dog cases 2, 3 and 4 were healthy, but case 2 presented with coughing, dyspnoea and weakness, and case 4 exhibited coughing and bilateral nasal discharge three and six days before the clinical exam. Case 3 (from the same household as case 2) remained asymptomatic. SARS-CoV-2 infection was detected in all cat and dog cases. The cat and the dog case 2 exhibited the lowest cycle threshold (Ct) (Ct < 30) when they presented or had recently presented clinical signs. Viral detection failed in successive samplings. Specific IgG antibodies were detected in the cat case 1 and dog cases 3 and 4, whereas dog case 2 seroconverted 21 days after SARS-CoV-2 detection. SARS-CoV-2 genome sequencing was carried out, and genomes were compared to the SARS-CoV-2 Genome Reference Sequence. All strains were unambiguously classified as belonging to the B.1.1.7 lineage.

Objective: Covid-19 may cause thrombosis in both venous and arterial systems. Familiarity with the signs and symptoms of thrombosis and their treatment plays an important role in treating Covid-19 infection and its complications. D-Dimer and Mean platelet volume (MPV) are measurements related to the development of thrombosis. This study investigates whether MPV and D-Dimer values could be used to determine the risk of thrombosis and mortality in Covid-19 early stages. Methods: 424 patients were randomly and retrospectively included in the study, Covid 19 positive according to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Demographic and clinical characteristics such as age, gender, and length of hospitalization were obtained from the digital records of participants. Participants were divided into living and deceased groups. Results: WBC, neutrophils, and monocytes were significantly different in the two groups (p <0.001), and its values were lower in the living group than in the deceased group. MPV median values do not differ according to prognosis (p = 0.994). Creatinine, Procalcitonin, Ferritin, and the number of hospitalization days in living patients were significantly lower than in patients who died (p <0.001). Median values of D-dimer (mg / L) differ according to prognosis (p <0.001). While the median value was 0.63 in the survivors, it was found as 4.38 in the deceased. Conclusion: Our results did not show any significant relationship between the mortality of Covid-19 patients and their MPV levels. However, a significant association of D-Dimer and mortality in Covid-19 patients was observed. Keywords: COVID-19, MPV, D-Dimer, prognosis, mortality

Objective: To investigate the impacts of demographic, hematological, and biochemical factors on the clinical course and the prognostic outcome in adult COVID-19 patients. Methods: This retrospective study was performed in the internal medicine departments of 2 hospitals and data were extracted from the medical files of 1700 adult COVID-19 patients (836 females, 49.2%; 864 males, 50.8%) with an average age of 48.23 ± 16.68 (range: 18-93). Clinical data included baseline descriptives, prior medical history, admission date, treatment, and hematological and biochemical blood test results. The relationship between the survival, length of hospitalization, hematological, and biochemical parameters was investigated. Results: Advanced age (p<0.001), presence of at least 1 comorbid disease (p=0.045), increased length of hospitalization (p=0.006), elevated white blood cell (p=0.001) and neutrophil (p=0.002) counts, increased serum levels of glucose (p=0.027), blood urea nitrogen (p<0.001), AST (p=0.006), LDH (p<0.001), CRP (p>0.001), and D-dimer (p=0.001). In contrast, diminution of serum levels of albumin (p<0.001), ALT (p=0.028), calcium (p=0.022), and platelet count (p=0.010) were associated with increased mortality. There was a positive and weak relationship between serum D-dimer levels and length of hospitalization. Conclusion: Our data imply that identification and validation of indicators that predict COVID-19 disease progression to improve health outcomes are crucial. Age, comorbidities, immunological response, radiographic abnormalities, laboratory markers, and signs of organ dysfunction may all predict poor outcomes individually or collectively. It is critical to identify characteristics that predict COVID-19 problems to guide clinical management, improve patient outcomes, and allocation of limited resources. Keywords: SARS-Cov-2, COVID-19; severity; prognosis; outcome

Abstract Background: To access the effect of Intravenous immunoglobulin ‎‎(IVIG) in critically ill corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Method: In this retrospective matched cohort study, records of three tertiary centers with large number of COVID-19 admissions were evaluated and used. Based on treatment options, ‎patients were divided into two groups, standard COVID-19 treatment (109 patients) and IVIG treatment (74 patients) patients. Also, the effect of IVIG in different dosages was evaluated. Patients with IVIG treatment were divided into three groups of ‎low (0.25 gr/kg), medium (0.5 gr/kg), and high (1 gr/kg) dose. Data analysis was performed using independent t-test and ‎One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to compare the ‎outcomes between two groups, including duration of hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay, and mortality rate.‎ Result: The duration of hospitalization in the IVIG group ‎were significantly longer than standard treatment (13.74 days vs. 11.10 days, p<0.05). There was not a significant difference between the two groups in ICU length of stay, number of intubated patients and duration of mechanical ventilation (P>0.05).‎ Also initial ‎outcomes in IVIG subgroups were compared separately with the standard ‎treatment group. The results indicated that only the duration of hospitalization ‎in the IVIG subgroup with medium dose is significantly longer than the standard ‎treatment group (P<0.01). Conclusion: Using IVIG is not beneficial for COVID-19 patients based on no remarkable differences in duration of hospitalization, ICU length of stay, duration of mechanical ventilation and even mortality rate.